My attempt to explain how the Polkadot vision evolved:
In 2016, building a blockchain was hard. And trustkessly connecting blockchains impossible.
Gavin and the gang set out to make building blockchains easy and connecting chains possible.
Along the way we learned some crucial lessons.
- Why would you even want to build a chain?
If you build a chain and delegate consensus to another chain (the relay chain model), the case for building that new chain comes down to just a handful of properties you get to define
- transaction ordering/priority/bundling
- compliance (where/how nodes operate)
- optimization of operations
- storage and compute allocation
- autonomous execution
What you are giving to earn those properties are
- (synchronous) composability with other chains
- a ton of money to operate these chains
As it turns out, most products in Web3 today don’t need these properties and are much better out just building on a more constrained space where they still have far better composability with other products → network effects
Good use cases for the Polkadot model are some of the survivors:
- Bridges/Intent architectures (dedicated compute, autonomous execution, efficient zk) → Hyperbridge, Snowbridge
- capital efficient / MEV-minimizing DeFi (transaction ordering, autonomous execution) → Hydration
- storage devices (operation optimization) → bulletin chain
- fast smart contracts (transaction bundling) → Hub
- data/compute optimization, oracles, niche products: Acurast, OriginTrail, peaq
But overall, the big insight is that these are highly specialized products that have a huge upfront cost before they can go to market.
Most successful products don’t start as specialized chains, but rather as simple products with close proximity (asynchronous composability) with other products that later on might decide to specialize further to gain some of the properties that we discussed above. A prime example is Uniswap starting on Ethereum and then adding Unichain to support intents and internalize revenue.
While the properties mentioned above are extremely valuable, Polkadot‘s decision to forgo „short path“ composability created a situation where network effects within the Polkadot network have an extremely high barrier and are almost impossible to achieve. They require a level of dedication and 10 years of your life that only people that are named „Jakub“ or „Seun“ will ever be able to commit.
- So what is the new vision then?
Parity‘s vision (I hope I am forgiven to dare to speak for them) rests on a medium term and a long term initiative that aim to capture the benefits of the multi-chain vision while evolving and transcending it.
- Medium Term: Solve network effects by providing a Hub
- Long Term: Thinking outside the block with Jam
Hub introduces the place where „short path“ network effects can happen through (synchronous) composability, all while preserving easy access to the multi-chain Polkadot Cloud.
Hub rests on 3 pillars:
- People → solving Cypherpunk-style online anonymity/pseudonymity/reputation/privacy attributability
- Money → making the DOT economy work while providing access to stable money
- Programs
The idea is that if you bring these things closely together in „native“ form you have solved most problems that crypto has solved today in an integrated manner, and create something that resembles human society in cyberspace
This is sugered with some secondary products that come along with it: a human oracle, good onboarding UX, App Store + a range of products intended to jump start the new society.
The bet rests on the idea that solving all these problems at the same time creates a big bang release that makes up for the time lost by delivering a superior integrated experience (it’s a big bet)
You can observe how this vision walks away narratively from a multi chain world, while underneath everything rests on it. People chain, bulletin chain, Hub all leverage these. „Third Parties“ like Hydration, Hyperbridge & Co all amplify the access to services that you can consume on the Hub. A bit akin to how a city with strong industry in proximity does well.
Long term, JAM adds to the vision in ways that our small monkey brains cannot comprehend yet.
Transactionlessness will free developers from Plato‘s cage and allow them to just build without consideration of those pesky blocks that have been humbling them for way too long. Gone will be the days of forced transactionfullness and here will be the days of glorious continuous operation in a while(true) loop if they dare to dream and can spend the coin.
By this point, chains might lose their meaning as much as virtual machines have lost theirs in the age of the cloud. Reduced to a mere helper construct to facilitate the creation of applications. Sure you can build them, just how some guys today are still driving around with Oldtimers. But what is more likely is that chains will just dissolve into cloud services that rent a core and auction off their execution to their favorite work package builder cartel.
And for composability of those heterogenous services? There will be abundance. A data lake larger than you can imagine will be available that captures the whole world state of the JAM is accessible to them.
This future vision is somehow multi-chain… or multi construct… or multi STF. We don’t yet have beautiful words for it. It will be the equivalent of how we feel about multi chain today, but in a more evolved and elegant and expressive and powerful manner.
In a way Web3 was always about breaking the chains of slavery and as it turns out it might also be about breaking down blockchains into state transition functions that can access the full world state of the world computer.
Somehow the vision is to transcend all the crypto terminology, to just provide the substrate upon which the new Web rests, which somehow will look much more similar to the cloud based web that we have today. But built to protect our freedom and self expression.